The E. M. Viquesney "Spirit of the American Doughboy" Database
1934: THE CAST ZINC DOUGHBOYS
Things couldn't have been worse for Viquesney in 1933: His first wife, Cora, died that year, and at the bottom of the Great Depression, for the first time since production began in 1921, he didn't sell a single copy of his flagship "Spirit of the American Doughboy" statue.
Picking up the pieces, in mid-1934 Viquesney revised the design of the sculpture, making the tree stumps on the base shorter, and the figure more slender-looking. This had the effect of making the statue appear taller. Also at this time, he changed his construction method from pressed copper sheets to cheaper cast zinc, which allowed him to offer his new Doughboy at the bargain-basement price of $700 each.
The strategy worked somewhat. Sales began to pick up, but never to the degree Viquesney had achieved previously: From 1934 on, until production ended in 1942, only 23 of these zinc Doughboys were fabricated, which amounts to less than one fifth of the total sold between 1921 and 1932.
Picking up the pieces, in mid-1934 Viquesney revised the design of the sculpture, making the tree stumps on the base shorter, and the figure more slender-looking. This had the effect of making the statue appear taller. Also at this time, he changed his construction method from pressed copper sheets to cheaper cast zinc, which allowed him to offer his new Doughboy at the bargain-basement price of $700 each.
The strategy worked somewhat. Sales began to pick up, but never to the degree Viquesney had achieved previously: From 1934 on, until production ended in 1942, only 23 of these zinc Doughboys were fabricated, which amounts to less than one fifth of the total sold between 1921 and 1932.
Left: The first 1934 design. Right: 1935 and after.
In 1935 Viquesney made a minor change to the face of his new Doughboy. In 1934 the mouth was "thick-lipped" and showed no teeth (I think it looks something like the Statue of Liberty). But all subsequent zinc Viquesney Doughboys installed in 1935 and later display thinner lips with the upper teeth faintly showing. Why Viquesney made this change is not known.
Since the first "thick-lipped" design was in production for only about the last six months of 1934, only four examples of it are known to exist: Akron and Zanesville, Ohio; Anderson, South Carolina (now in a museum and replaced with a cast bronze replica of the original 1920 version); and Appleton, Wisconsin.
Since the first "thick-lipped" design was in production for only about the last six months of 1934, only four examples of it are known to exist: Akron and Zanesville, Ohio; Anderson, South Carolina (now in a museum and replaced with a cast bronze replica of the original 1920 version); and Appleton, Wisconsin.
